allergy & immunology

topic map

anaphylaxis & acute allergic reactions

• anaphylaxis — WAO/NIAID diagnostic criteria, epinephrine dosing (IM & IV), biphasic reaction risk, differential diagnosis, disposition

urticaria & angioedema

• urticaria and angioedema — histaminergic vs bradykinin-mediated, CSU management, antihistamine up-dosing, approach to angioedema
• hereditary angioedema — bradykinin-mediated angioedema, HAE classification and diagnosis (C4/C1-INH), acute treatment (Berinert dosing), short-term and long-term prophylaxis, ACE inhibitor angioedema

drug allergy

• drug allergy and cross-reactivity — immediate vs delayed reactions, beta-lactam cross-reactivity (side chain–based), PEN-FAST de-labelling, drug challenge protocols, TMP/SMX allergy, ASA/NSAID hypersensitivity, radiocontrast media (CAR/CSACI guidance), desensitisation indications
• drug rashes — morbilliform drug eruption, DRESS (RegiSCAR), SJS/TEN (BSA classification), high-risk drugs, management by severity

immunodeficiency

• approach to immunodeficiency — secondary vs primary, pattern recognition by organism/immune defect, initial workup (Ig levels, vaccine responses, HIV), when to refer, practical tips (pre-rituximab baseline, CD4 thresholds)

mastocytosis & mast cell disease

• mastocytosis — KIT D816V, WHO diagnostic criteria (major + minor), cutaneous vs systemic classification, B/C-findings, tryptase interpretation, stepwise mediator management, avapritinib for advanced SM, trigger avoidance

eosinophilia

• approach to eosinophilia — differential (NAACP: neoplasm, allergy, autoimmune, infection, parasites), clonal vs reactive workup, HES subtypes, end-organ damage assessment, stepwise management